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Hofstede Revisited: Is Making the Ecological Fallacy when Using Hofstede’s Instrument on Individual Behavior Really Unavoidable?

Grenness, Tor
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/93582
Date
2012
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Original version
http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n7p75
Abstract
This paper suggests that avoiding the ecological fallacy is - under certain circumstances - possible. One problem

in (cross-cultural) research is that there are often two levels of theorizing (individual and country) that needs to

be taken into account when data are being analyzed and conclusions are drawn. Typically, as is the case with

Hofstede's (1980) well-known research, cultural values are measured on country level. Consequently, researchers

who make causal inferences from such group data to individual behaviors are making the ecological fallacy, i.e

they (most often) wrongly assume that relationships observed for groups necessarily hold for individuals. If,

however, a method could be found that could help determining how individuals behave from the study of

aggregated data, the usefulness of Hofstede's research (and research on aggregated data in general) from a

manager's point of view would definitely increase.

In this paper the problem of the ecological fallacy, as well as different methods of avoiding it is discussed, and a

particular solution of the problem is suggested.
Description
Dette er et Open Access tidsskrift. Publisert versjon tilgjengelig på http://ccsenet.org/journal/
Publisher
Canadian Center of Science and Education
Journal
International Journal of Business and Management

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