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dc.contributor.authorBarbosa Escobar, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorVelasco, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorMotoki, Kosuke
dc.contributor.authorByrne, Derek V.
dc.contributor.authorWang, Qian Janice
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-04T15:04:42Z
dc.date.available2023-01-04T15:04:42Z
dc.date.created2021-05-17T17:07:48Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationPLoS ONE 16(6): e0252408.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3041037
dc.description.abstractEmotions and temperature are closely related through embodied processes, and people seem to associate temperature concepts with emotions. While this relationship is often evidenced by everyday language (e.g., cold and warm feelings), what remains missing to date is a systematic study that holistically analyzes how and why people associate specific temperatures with emotions. The present research aimed to investigate the associations between temperature concepts and emotion adjectives on both explicit and implicit levels. In Experiment 1, we evaluated explicit associations between twelve pairs of emotion adjectives derived from the circumplex model of affect, and five different temperature concepts ranging from 0°C to 40°C, based on responses from 403 native speakers of four different languages (English, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese). The results of Experiment 1 revealed that, across languages, the temperatures were associated with different regions of the circumplex model. The 0°C and 10°C were associated with negative-valanced, low-arousal emotions, while 20°C was associated with positive-valanced, low-to-medium-arousal emotions. Moreover, 30°C was associated with positive-valanced, high-arousal emotions; and 40°C was associated with high-arousal and either positive- or negative-valanced emotions. In Experiment 2 (N = 102), we explored whether these temperature-emotion associations were also present at the implicit level, by conducting Implicit Association Tests (IATs) with temperature words (cold and hot) and opposing pairs of emotional adjectives for each dimension of valence (Unhappy/Dissatisfied vs. Happy/Satisfied) and arousal (Passive/Quiet vs. Active/Alert) on native English speakers. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that participants held implicit associations between the word hot and positive-valanced and high-arousal emotions. Additionally, the word cold was associated with negative-valanced and low-arousal emotions. These findings provide evidence for the existence of temperature-emotion associations at both explicit and implicit levels across languages.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherPLOS ONEen_US
dc.titleThe temperature of emotionsen_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holderThe Authorsen_US
dc.source.volume16en_US
dc.source.journalPLOS ONEen_US
dc.source.issue6en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0252408
dc.identifier.cristin1910336
dc.source.articlenumbere0252408.en_US
cristin.ispublishedfalse
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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