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Defecatory urge increases cognitive control and intertemporal patience in healthy volunteers

Zhao, Dongxing; Corsetti, Maura; Moeini-Jazani, Mehrad; Weltens, Nathalie; Tuk, Mirjam A.; Tack, Jan; Warlop, Luk; Van Oudenhove, Lukas
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2610515
Date
2019
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Original version
Neurogastroenterology & Motility. 2019, 31   10.1111/nmo.13600
Abstract
Past research has demonstrated that moderate urge to urinate improves inhibitory control, specifically among participants with higher behavioral inhibition sensitivity system (BIS), and the effect was absent when the urge exceeded intolerable level. The present research examines whether rectal distension-induced urge to defecate has similar effects. Moderate and high defecatory urge was induced by rectal distension in healthy volunteers (n=35), while they completed Stroop tasks and monetary delay discounting tasks. The difference of average reaction time between incongruent and congruent trials in the Stroop task (Stroop interference) and the preference for larger-later rewards in the delay discounting tasks were analyzed as the primary outcomes. Participants with high BIS sensitivity (n=17) showed greater ability to inhibit their automatic response tendencies, as indexed by their Stroop interference, under moderate-urge relative to no-urge condition (128±41 ms vs. 202±37 ms, t64=-2.07; p=0.021, Cohen’s d: -0.44), but not relative to high-urge condition (154±45 ms, t64=-1.20; p=0.12, Cohen’s d: -0.30). High-BIS participants also showed higher preference for larger-later reward in the delay discounting task under high (odds ratio = 1.51 [1.02–2.25], p=0.039) relative to no-urge condition, but not relative to moderate-urge condition (odds ratio = 1.02 [0.73–1.42], p = 0.91) In contrast, rectal distension did not influence performance on either of the tasks for participants with low BIS sensitivity (n=18). These findings may be interpreted as a ‘spill-over’ effect of inhibition of the urge to defecate to volitional cognitive control among healthy participants with high BIS sensitivity.
Publisher
Wiley
Journal
Neurogastroenterology and Motility
Copyright
Copyright policy of Wiley, the publisher of this journal: The submitted version may be placed on: - the author's personal website - the author's company/institutional repository or archive - not for profit subject-based preprint servers or repositories Self-archiving of the submitted version is not subject to an embargo period

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