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Maturity Levels for Outlaw Groups: The Case of Hells Angels MC

Gottschalk, Petter
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2411443
Date
2016
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Abstract
McIntosh (2009) argues that from relatively humble

beginnings, outlaw motorcycle gangs, such as the Hells Angels,

Outlaws, Bandidos, Pagans, Sons of Silence, Mongols, Coffin

Cheaters, Black Pistons and others have evolved into sophisticated

organized crime syndicates responsible for a large portion of the

global illicit drug and weapons trades. This evolvement into

sophisticated organizations can be studied in terms of maturity

levels over time. By application of stages of growth models with

distinct characteristics of each maturity level, findings may suggest

that different outlaw groups can be classified into different maturity

levels.

Maturity models such as the one for Hells Angels introduced

in this article can serve several important purposes. First, general

insights into evolution over time can be generated and

communicated to decision-makers in society. Second, contingent

approach to law enforcement implies that the police and other

government agencies can apply appropriate measures depending on

the maturity level of a specific outlaw motorcycle gang. Thus, law

enforcement can distinguish approaches for fighting non-mature

gangs versus mature gangs. By categorizing an organization

according to its maturity level, appropriate strategies to fight it can

be identified. Third, the evolution of gangs over time provides

insights into the mechanisms that make gangs more and more

dangerous and threatening to society.
Description
This is the journal's final, accepted and refereed version of the article. The publication is available at http://www.pakistansocietyofcriminology.com/
Publisher
Pakistan Society of Criminology
Journal
Pakistan Journal of Criminology

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