• Criminal Entrepreneurship, White-Collar Criminality, and Neutralization Theory 

      Gottschalk, Petter; Smith, Robert (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      A legal entrepreneur is a person who operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes some accountability for the inherent risk. Similarly, the criminal entrepreneur's task is to discover and exploit opportunities, defined ...
    • Executive positions involved in white-collar crime 

      Gottschalk, Petter (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      A special kind of financial crime is labelled white-collar crime, where characteristics of the offender include position, power, relationships, and social status. The purpose of this empirical study of white-collar crime ...
    • Fraud versus manipulation by white-collar criminals: an empirical study 

      Gottschalk, Petter (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      This article addresses the following research question: What differences might be found between white-collar criminals conducting fraud versus white-collar criminals involved in other kinds of financial crime? This research ...
    • Internal versus external detection of white-collar criminals: An empirical study 

      Gottschalk, Petter (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      This article addresses the following research question: What differences might be found between white-collar criminals detected by internal procedures versus white-collar criminals detected by external sources? This research ...
    • Prevention of white-collar crime by knowledge and learning in business organizations: An empirical study of chief financial officer management 

      Gottschalk, Petter; Solli-Sæther, Hans (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      Knowledge and learning are important in combating financial crime generally and white-collar crime in particular. The purpose of this research is to generate insights into prevention approaches in practice that may reflect ...
    • Principals, agents and entrepreneurs in white-collar crime: An empirical typology of white-collar criminals 

      Arnulf, Jan Ketil; Gottschalk, Petter (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      This study explores a nationally representative sample of 222 Norwegian white-collar criminals in terms of the roles they and their victims had in their crimes. Establishing a typology framework based on agency models, ...
    • The family firm as an arena for white-collar crime 

      Gottschalk, Petter; Asting, Cecilie (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      In this article, we identify certain aspects of family firms that can cause specific personal motives, organisational opportunities and deviant behaviours. Based on the theory of convenience, we identify organisational ...
    • Trusted Chief Executives in Convenient White-Collar Crime 

      Gottschalk, Petter (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Convenience exists in the financial motive, the organizational opportunity, and the personal willingness for deviant behavior. These three themes can result in 14 convenience propositions as presented in this article. In ...
    • White-Collar Crime Defense Strategies 

      Gottschalk, Petter (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      The article considers three specific strategies applied by white-collar crime attorneys can be identified. First, substance defense strategy is concerned with when and how an attorney decides to defend the client in a ...
    • Women’s Justification of White-Collar Crime 

      Gottschalk, Petter (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      In an empirical study of white-collar criminals in Norway, only 8 % out of 255 convicted criminals in recent years were women. There are many potential explanations for the low female share of crime. This paper concentrates ...