• Environmental impact of refillable vs. non-refillable plastic beverage bottles in Norway 

      Bø, Eirill; Hammervoll, Trond; Tvedt, Kjetil (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      This research compares the environmental impact, in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, of using refillable polyethylene terephthalate (REF–PET) and non–refillable polyethylene terephthalate (NR–PET) bottles in the Norwegian ...
    • Environmental Policy and the Direction of Technical Change 

      Greaker, Mads; Heggedal, Tom-Reiel; Rosendahl, Knut Einar (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      Should governments direct R&D from "dirty" into "clean" technologies? How im-portant is this compared to carbon pricing? We inquire into this, introducing twonovelties compared to recent literature. We introduce decreasing ...
    • Envisioning PR research without taking organizations as collective actors for granted: A rejoinder and extension to Hou 

      Buhmann, Alexander; Schoeneborn, Dennis (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      In a recent article in Public Relations Inquiry, Jenny Hou has fittingly argued for a stronger focus on agency and actorhood in PR research. We point to two crucial aspects in which we think her arguments need to be extended, ...
    • Equation-by-equation estimation of multivariate periodic electricity price volatility 

      Escribano, Alvaro; Sucarrat, Genaro (Journal article, 2018)
      Electricity prices are characterised by strong autoregressive persistence, periodicity (e.g. intraday, day-of-the week and month-of-the-year effects), large spikes or jumps, GARCH and – as evidenced by recent findings – ...
    • Equity issues, creditor control and market timing patterns: evidence from leverage decreasing recapitalizations 

      Kisser, Michael; Rapushi, Loreta (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      We contribute to the literature on “market timing” by exploring periods of simultaneous equity issues and debt retirements (a leverage decreasing recapitalization, LDR). Contrary to traditional equity issues, LDRs are ...
    • Er du klar for digitalisering? 

      Andersen, Espen; Sannes, Ragnvald (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      I denne artikkelen utvikler og presenterer vi et rammeverk, en digitaliseringskanvas, for å artikulere, beskrive og analysere hvordan en virksomhet kan bli påvirket av teknologisk utvikling og digitalisering. Formålet er ...
    • Er emosjonell intelligens viktig i arbeidslivet? 

      Føllesdal, Hallvard (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016)
      Researchers have developed two kinds of models of emotional intelligence (EI): The four-factor ability model, which operationalizes EI as four mental abilities, and mixed models of EI, which also include personality ...
    • Er norske bedrifter digitale sinker? 

      Sannes, Ragnvald; Andersen, Espen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017)
      I denne artikkelen spør vi om norske bedrifter er digitale sinker. Dette belyses gjennom en internasjonal spørreundersøkelse til IT-direktører i store selskaper i Asia, Nord-Amerika, Europa, Sverige og Norge. Dataene viser ...
    • Er offentligt ansatte (blevet) som de private? En analyse af arbejdsmotivation i den offentlige og private sektor over tid 

      Jakobsen, Mads Leth Felsager; Sørensen, Rune Jørgen (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      Er offentlig ansatte i deres arbejde mere motiveret af at gøre det godt for andre og samfundet og mindre motiveret af opnå økonomisk belønning for dem selv end ansatte i den private sektor? Og har denne motivation blandt ...
    • Escalation Of Darkness By White-Collar Offenders: A Case Study Of Environmental Crime Convenience 

      Gottschalk, Petter; Van Oorschot, Kim (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Commitment to goals can escalate to such an extent that it encourages deviant behaviour even after detection of a crime. A case study illustrates how detection of environmental crime in one country led to environmental ...
    • ESG and Socially Responsible Investment: A Critical Review 

      Gerard, Bruno (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      We review the literature on ESG and Socially Responsible Investment with a special focus on fixed-income investments. Most of the academic research is focused on the link between corporate CSR and ESG activities, investors’ ...
    • Estimating Pricing Rigidities in Bilateral Transactions Markets 

      Oglend, Atle; Asche, Frank; Straume, Hans-Martin (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Many price indices are constructed using bilateral transaction prices. This paper shows how the time series behavior of cross-sectional price moments can reveal useful information about pricing behavior in bilateral ...
    • Et ekspansivt budsjett, preget av usikkerhet 

      Bjørnland, Hilde C (Journal article, 2020)
      ‘Regjeringen lot seg ikke lede inn i fristelsen, men har levert et overraskende nøkternt budsjett…’, kunne man lese i en kommentar i E24 etter at regjeringen la frem nasjonalbudsjettet 7. oktober. Og mange av kommentarene ...
    • The ethical dimension of public relations in Europe: Digital channels, moral challenges, resources, and training 

      Hagelstein, Jens; Einwiller, Sabine; Zerfass, Ansgar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Digital communication tools and practices improve the spread and impact of organisational messages. Quite often, however, they also pose moral problems. This article examines how often public relations practitioners encounter ...
    • Ethical navigation in leadership training 

      Kvalnes, Øyvind; Øverenget, Einar (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      Business leaders frequently face dilemmas, circumstances where whatever course of action they choose, something of important value will be offended. How can an organisation prepare its decision makers for such situations? ...
    • Ethnically Biased? Experimental Evidence from Kenya 

      Berge, Lars Ivar Oppedal; Bjorvatn, Kjetil; Galle, Simon; Miguel, Edward; Posner, Daniel; Tungodden, Bertil; Zhang, Kelly (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      Ethnicity has been shown to shape political, social, and economic behavior in Africa, but the underlying mechanisms remain contested. We utilize lab experiments to isolate one mechanism—an individual's bias in favor of ...
    • Ettervirkning - grunnlag, rekkevidde og betydning 

      Skjønberg, Alexander Næss (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      Artikkelen er et innlegg i den pågående debatten om ettervirkning. Forfatteren mener at det er endel misoppfatninger om hva den alminnelige regelen om ettervirkning går ut på. I artikkelen utdypes regelens rettsgrunnlag, ...
    • EU Energy Union: A Critical View 

      Noreng, Øystein (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      This paper discusses the Energy Union project of the current European Union (EU), asmanifest in the 2018 Clean Energy for All.1 The focus is on energy policy objectives in relation to wider political ambitions, using energy ...
    • Euro-zone equity returns: country versus industry effects 

      Eiling, Esther; Gerard, Bruno; Roon, Frans A. de (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2012)
      This paper investigates whether Euro-zone equity returns are driven by country or industry effects over the 1990 to 2008 period. Using a style analysis approach, we find that before the introduction of the Euro country ...
    • The EU’s Enfants Terribles: Democratic Backsliding in Central Europe since 2010 

      Bakke, Elisabeth; Sitter, Nick (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020)
      In the academic literature, Hungary and Poland are often cited as paradigmatic cases of democratic backsliding. However, as the backsliding narrative gained traction, the term has been applied to the rest of the post-communist ...