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dc.contributor.authorBø, Eirill
dc.contributor.authorHammervoll, Trond
dc.contributor.authorTvedt, Kjetil
dc.date.accessioned2013-10-04T08:46:51Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.identifier.issn1478-7466
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/93946
dc.descriptionThis is the authors’ final, accepted and refereed manuscript to the articleno_NO
dc.description.abstractThis research compares the environmental impact, in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, of using refillable polyethylene terephthalate (REF–PET) and non–refillable polyethylene terephthalate (NR–PET) bottles in the Norwegian soft drink and carbonated water market. A Microsoft Excel spread sheet was developed in close cooperation with Coca–Cola, Mack, Telemark Springwater, and three of the main food wholesalers in Norway: NorgesGruppen, Coop, and Rema. While academic writers have criticised such life–cycle analysis as impractical, too time–consuming, expensive, and demanding too much effort, and instead advocated qualitative evaluation methods, this project demonstrates that a data–based approach is fully feasible. The research team identifies the CO2 emissions associated with various activities, and finds that NR–PET bottles generate 18% less CO2 emissions than REF–PET bottles. This research provides practical suggestions for achieving environmentally friendly packaging solutions. As a consequence of the study findings, the grocery industry initiated efforts to change legislation, and major Norwegian actors have changed their policies.no_NO
dc.language.isoengno_NO
dc.publisherInderscience Publishersno_NO
dc.subjectenvironmentally friendly packagingno_NO
dc.subjectgreen packagingno_NO
dc.subjectenvironmental accountingno_NO
dc.subjectrecyclingno_NO
dc.subjectreuseno_NO
dc.subjectbottlesno_NO
dc.subjectbeverage logisticsno_NO
dc.subjectnon–refillable bottlesno_NO
dc.subjectrefillable bottlesno_NO
dc.subjectenvironmental impactno_NO
dc.subjectplastic bottlesno_NO
dc.subjectNorwayno_NO
dc.subjectdrink bottlesno_NO
dc.subjectgreenhouse gasesno_NO
dc.subjectGHG emissionsno_NO
dc.subjectpolyethylene terephthalateno_NO
dc.subjectPET bottlesno_NO
dc.subjectsoft drinksno_NO
dc.subjectcarbonated waterno_NO
dc.subjectlife cycle analysisno_NO
dc.subjectLCAno_NO
dc.subjectCO2no_NO
dc.subjectcarbon dioxideno_NO
dc.subjectcarbon emissionsno_NO
dc.subjectpackaging policyno_NO
dc.titleEnvironmental impact of refillable vs. non-refillable plastic beverage bottles in Norwayno_NO
dc.typeJournal articleno_NO
dc.typePeer reviewedno_NO
dc.description.embargo2014-04-01
dc.source.pagenumber379-395no_NO
dc.source.volume12no_NO
dc.source.journalInternational Journal of Environment and Sustainable Developmentno_NO
dc.source.issue4no_NO
dc.identifier.doi10.1504/IJESD.2013.056343


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